Disadvantages of Microwave Communications

Microwave communications are not an option for most users because of their many disadvantages.
Specifically, a few disadvantages make microwave communications viable for only a few
groups of people. Some of these disadvantages include the following:
Equipment is expensive Microwave transmission and reception equipment is the most
expensive of all the types of wireless transmission equipment discussed in this chapter. A
microwave transmitter/receiver combo can cost upwards of $5,000 in the United States—
and two transmitters are required for communications to take place. Cheaper microwave systems
are available, but their distance and features are more limited.
Line of sight required Microwave communications require a line of sight between sender
and receiver. Generally speaking, the signal can’t be bounced off any objects.
Atmospheric attenuation As with other wireless technologies (such as infrared laser),
atmospheric conditions (e.g., fog, rain, snow) can negatively affect microwave transmissions.
For example, a thunderstorm between sender and receiver can prevent reliable communication
between the two. Additionally, the higher the microwave frequency, the more susceptible
to attenuation the communication will be.
Propagation delay This is primarily a disadvantage of satellite microwave. When sending
between two terrestrial stations using a satellite as a relay station, it can take anywhere from 0.5
to 5 seconds to send from the first terrestrial station through the satellite to the second station.
Safety Because the microwave beam is very high powered, it can pose a danger to any
human or animal that comes between transmitter and receiver. Imagine putting your hand in
a microwave on low power. It may not kill you, but it will certainly not be good for you.